About
Prof. Oren Gazal-Ayal was, until recently, the Dean of the Faculty of Law and the director of the Center for the Study of Crime, Law and Society, and is currently the Vice President and Dean for Research and Development. He is an expert in criminal law and procedure, sentencing law, and law and economics at the University of Haifa. He is regularly published in leading journals, including Duke Law Journal, The Journal of Law & Economics, The Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, Law & Social Inquiry, and all leading Israeli legal journals. His papers are frequently cited in decisions of the Israeli Supreme Court.
Prizes and Grants
He has been awarded several prizes for his research, including the Minister of Public Security Prize (twice: 2002, 2008), the Dusty and Ettie Miller Prize for Outstanding Young Scholar (2008), the Cegla Prize (2008), the Fatal Prize for excellence in research (2016), The Israeli Institute of Practical Criminal Law Prize for Outstanding Researcher in the Field of Criminal Law (2022) and the Israel Criminal Law Association Annual Prize for the Best Article (2022). Lately, he has won three additional prestigious prizes: the Zeltner Prize for Senior Researcher (2023) awarded by the Tel Aviv University, the Cheshin Prize for Academic Excellence in Legal Research (2023) awarded by the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and the Gorni Prize for extraordinary achievement in the field of public law (2024). He has also received several prestigious and competitive research grants from, among others, the Israel Science Foundation (ISF, four times) and the German Israeli Foundation (GIF).
Visiting Positions and Membership in Association and Academies of Sciences.
Gazal-Ayal has held numerous visiting positions at prestigious institutions worldwide. Most recently, he has been a visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute in Freiburg (2024) and Oxford University's All Souls College (2023-4). Previously, he was a visiting professor at Oxford University's Worcester College as a Massada Fellow (2019). His earlier visiting positions include Aix-Marseilles University (Erasmus Mundus Fellowship, 2008), the Max Planck Institute in Freiburg (2007), Michigan Law School (Fulbright Fellowship, 2004-5), Connecticut Law School (2004), and NYU Law School (1999-2000). He has also served in leadership roles, including as president of the Israeli Law and Economics Association (2009-2010), and has been a member of academic bodies such as the Israel Young Academy (2014-2019) and the Global Young Academy (2009-2014).
Public Service and Legal Advisory Roles
He serves as the vice-chair of the Public Committee for the Prevention of False Convictions (headed by the former Supreme Court Justice Yoram Danziger) and the Advisory Committee to the Minister of Justice for Criminal Procedure and Evidence Law. Previously, he served on numerous other public committees. He chaired the committee to examine the enforcement of drug offenses in the IDF and the committee to examine the treatment of unauthorized absence from service. Additionally, he served in the Public Committee for the Examination of Punishment and Treatment of Convicted Offenders (the Dorner Committee), the Committee for Alternatives to Incarceration, the Academic Advisory Forum to the Inspector General of the Israeli Police, and the Academic Advisory Forum for the Israel Prison Authority. In addition, he has held other public advisory positions, such as advising the Knesset, the Attorney General, and the Military Advocate General. He initiated a reform for alternatives to criminal proceedings, which was subsequently legislated by the Israeli parliament (the Knesset) in 2012.
Publications
- Oren Gazal Ayal, Zohar Elyoseph, and Adir Solomon. “Evaluating Large Language Models as Judicial Decision-Makers” Justice Quarterly, January, 1–36 (2026). doi:10.1080/07418825.2026.2618254.
- Oren Gazal-Ayal, Shai Farber & Zohar Elyoseph. “Comparing AI and Human judges: a pilot study of large language models in criminal sentencing prediction” International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 1–19 (2026). https://doi-org.ezproxy.haifa.ac.il/10.1080/01924036.2026.2644207
- Redlich, Allison D., et al. "Urgent issues and prospects in guilty plea research and practice." Legal and Criminological Psychology (2025).
- Oren Gazal-Ayal and Neivine Emmanuel, How Minimum Sentences Benefit Offenders – The Case of Suspended Sentences, 48 Law & Social Inquiry 847-880 (2023)
- Neivine Emmanuel and Oren Gazal-Ayal, Suspended Sentences and Service Labor in Israel – from Alternatives to imprisonment to Net Widening, 82(1) Law and Contemporary Problem 111-136 (2019).
- Oren Gazal-Ayal and Julian Roberts, Foreword: Alternatives to Imprisonment: Recent International Developments, 82(1) Law and Contemporary Problem i-ix (2019).
- Ronen Perry, Oren Gazal-Ayal, Chen Toubul, "He Said, She Said": With a Twist, 68 SMU Law Review 3-34 (2016) [Hebrew]
- Imbalances of Power in ADR: The Impact of Representation and Dispute Resolution Method on Case Outcomes, with Ronen Perry, 39 Law & Social Inquiry 791-823 (2014).
- Descriptive Representation and Judicial Outcomes in Multi-Ethnic Societies with Guy Grossman, Sam Pimentel and Jeremy M. Weinstein, 60.1 American Journal of Political Science 44-69 (2016).
- Statutory Sentencing Reform in Israel: Exploring the Sentencing Law of 2012 with Julian V Roberts, 46 Israel Law Review 455-479 (2013).
- Do Sentencing Guidelines Increase Prosecutorial Power? an Empirical Study with Hagit Turjeman & Gideon Fishman, 76 Law and Contemporary Problems 131-160 (2013).
- Foreword: A Global Perspective on Sentencing Reforms 76 Law and Contemporary Problems i-vii (2013).
- The Innocence Effect with Avishalom Tor, 62 Duke Law Journal 341-401 (2012).
- Determination of Starting Sentences in Israel—System and Application, 22 Federal Sentencing Reporter 232–242 (2010).
- Fairness and the Willingness to Accept Plea Bargain Offers with Avishalom Tor and Stephen M. Garcia, 7 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 97–116 (2010).
- Let My People Go: Ethnic In-Group Bias in Judicial Decisions - Evidence from a Randomized Natural Experiment with Raanan Sulitzeanu-Kenan, 7 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 403-428 (2010).
- Plea-Bargaining and Prosecution-Bargaining and Prosecution (Economic Analysis of Plea Bargaining and Prosecution, with Limor Riza), Criminal Law and Economics 145-170 (Nuno Garoupa ed., Edward Elgar Publishing) (2009).
- Economic Analysis of Standard Form Contracts: The Monopoly Case 24 European Journal of Law and Economics 119-136 (2007).
- Economic Analysis of Law in North America, Europe and Israel 3 Review of Law & Economics 485-516 (2007).
- Economic Analysis of Law and Economics 35 Capital University Law Review 787-809 (2007).
- Partial Ban on Plea Bargains 27 Cardozo Law Review 2295-2349 (2006).
- Plea Bargaining only for the Guilty with Oren Bar-Gill, 49 The Journal of Law & Economics 353-364 (2006).
- Nevine Emmanuel and Oren Gazal Ayal, Suspended Sentence: The Link Between Its Length and the Likelihood of Its Activation, 18 Din Udvarim – Haifa Law Review (forthcoming)
- Jonathan Hasson and Oren Gazal Ayal, Defendants' Future Through the Lens of Judges' Professional Past - Evidence Exclusion as a Test Case, 55 Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal (forthcoming)
- Oren Gazal Ayal, False Confessions – Scientific Background for Identifying and Diagnosing, 48 Tel Aviv University Law Review 397 - 447,
- Oren Gazal Ayal, Sharon Toys and Jonathan Hasson, Consistency in Sentencing, Mishpat Umimshal - Law and Government in Israel 473 – 514
- Oren Gazal-Ayal and Shira Ephron, Reducing Dangerousness via Conditional Bail, 53 Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal(Forthcoming)
- Oren Gazal Ayal, Empirical Knowledge as a Tool for Development of Criminal Law – a (Relatively) Success Story, 19 Mishpatim Online(Forthcoming)
- Oren Gazal-Ayal and Fadi Marzuk Maklada, Administrative Release in Israel – When Prison Capacity Determines Imprisonment Terms, 47 Iuney Mishpat57-123 (2023)
- Oren Gazal-Ayal, Hila Eisenband, The Public Interest in Decarceration – on the Prosecution’s Duties following the Dorner Report, Mishpat Mafteah – the State Prosecution Law Journal (2019) [Hebrew].
- Gender Biases in Perception of Judgements, with Ronen Perry and Chen Tounul 24 Hamishpat Law Review 239-271 (2018)
- Do Judges Obey the Law? Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal Vol. 47 (2018)
- Deviation from the Commensurate Sentencing Range, The Dorit Beinisch Book (2018)
- Developments in Procedural and Substantive Criminal Law 2012 – 2014, 9 Din Udvarim - Haifa Law Review , 517-560 (2016)
- Specialization or Generalization, the Effect of Judicial Specialization on Proceedings and Decisions with Nochi (Nechama) Politis, Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal (2014).
- The Power of the Prosecution in Criminal Proceedings – an Empirical Study with Keren Weinshall Margel, Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal (2014).
- Disproportional Sentencing Ranges - on the Proportionality Principle in Setting Sentencing Ranges 6 Mishpatim Online (the online edition of the Hebrew U. Law Review) 1-34 (2013)
- Criminal Procedure Economic Analysis of Criminal Procedure, The Economic Approach to Law 1063-1102 (Uriel Procaccia Ed.) (2012)
- Representation in Evaluative Mediation in the Employment Tribunals System With Ronen Perry, Gal Livshits & Efrat Plotnik-Sidkiyahu, 34 Iuney Mishpat 641-666 (2011)
- Public Interest as Constitutional Rights with Amnon Reichman, 41(1) Mishpatim 97-151 (2011)
- How Should Starting-Point Sentences be Determined? with Ruth Kannai, 3 Hukim 155-189 (2011)
- The Implications of Starting-Point Sentences with Ruthy Lazar, 3 Hukim 41-97 (2011)
- The Influence of Innocence on Plea Bargaining, Empirical Findings, Psychological Insights and Normative Ramifications with Avishalom Tor, 39 Mishpatim 115-153 (2009)
- Arabs and Jews in initial pretrial detention hearings38 Mishpatim 627-652 (2009)
- Against Sentencing Guidelines Crime and Social Deviance: Theory and Practice (accepted in but withdrawn by the author)
- The Past and Future of Law and Economics in Israel, (3)23 Bar Ilan University Law Review 661-683 (2008)
- "Penal Agreement – A Proposal for a New Procedure"30 Iuiney Mishpat – Tel-Aviv University Law Review 125-187 (2006)
- Detention for InvestigationYitzhak Zamir book on Law, Government and Societ 353 (Yoav Dotan and Ariel Bendor eds.) (2005)
- "Plea Bargaining and the Innocence Problem"35 Mishpatim –The Hebrew University Law Journal 1-80 (2005)
- "The Prosecution's Position in an Appeal against Rejection of a Plea Bargain"1 Din Udvarim - Haifa Law Review 507-532 (2004)
- "Restrictions of Basic Rights "By Law" or "As Prescribed By Law""4 Mishpat Umimshal - Law and Government in Israel 381-423 (1998)
- Oren Gazal-Ayal (Special Editor), "The Effect of Different Sentencing Reforms", Law and Contemporary Problem Volume 76(1) 2013 (308 pages) [W&L peer 9/749].
- Oren Gazal-Ayal (Special Editor), "Alternatives to Incarceration", Law and Contemporary Problem Volume 82(1) 2019 [W&L 90/1548].
- Conviction and Acquittals in Israeli Courts Israeli Courts Research Division Publications (HEBREW) The Study analyzes convictions and acquittal rates, guilty plea rates, plea bargains, dismissals, pretrial detention and other aspects of the Israeli criminal process. (2012)
- Price Tags for Punishments The Israeli Bar Journal (HEBREW) 88-93 (2012)
- One Additional Step Towards the Poisonous Tree Doctrine The Israeli Bar Journal (HEBREW) 6, 56 (2010)
- "Plea Bargains and a Plea for Shorter Proceedings"Hasanegor 95, 28-31 (2005)
- Punishment by Consent – An Essay on the Alternatives to Criminal Trials Ph.D. Dissertation : Written under the Supervision of Prof. Ariel Bendor and Supreme Court Justice Dorit Beinisch, (2002)
- "Deferred Prosecution"Hasanegor (HEBREW) 63, 5-8 (2002)
- "The Caseload on the Criminal Prosecution Service" (HEBREW) (2000)
- "The Criteria for Judicial Rejection of Plea Agreements" Hasanegor 37, 3-9 (2000)
Education
- Ph.D. The University of Haifa, 2002
- Master in Law and Economics, The University of Hamburg & The University of Ghent, 1998 (first in class)
- B.A. in Economics, The University of Haifa, 1997 (first in class)
- LL.B., The University of Haifa, 1997 (first in class)
Research Areas
- Criminal Law
- Law and Economics
- Plea Bargaining
Additional Info
- Visiting professor, Oxford University, Worcester College, 2019.
- Humphrey Faculty Fellow, Michigan Law School, 2004-2005.
- Visiting Professor, Connecticut Law School, Summer 2004.
- Adjunct Lecturer, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of Law, 2002-2006.
- Visiting Scholar, New York University (NYU) Law School, 1999-2000.
